Publications
2019
Vered, Gal; Kaplan, Aviv; Avisar, Dror; Shenkar, Noa
In: Marine Pollution Bulletin, (138), pp. 618-625, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Eastern Mediterranean, Gulf of Aqaba, Microplastic, Phthalate plasticizers, Tunicates
@article{Vered2019,
title = {Using solitary ascidians to assess microplastic and phthalate plasticizers pollution among marine biota: A case study of the Eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea},
author = {Gal Vered and Aviv Kaplan and Dror Avisar and Noa Shenkar},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.013},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {138},
pages = {618-625},
abstract = {The interaction of microplastic (MP) with marine organisms is crucial for understanding the significant effect that MP and its additives may have on marine environments. However, knowledge regarding the magnitude of these pollutants in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Red Sea is still scarce. Here we examined the levels of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and MP in Herdmania momus and Microcosmus exasperatus sampled along the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel. High levels of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bis (2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were found in ascidians at the majority of sampling sites, and MP particles were found in ascidians at all sites. As efficient filter-feeders and being widely-distributed, invasive ascidians present fundamental opportunities for the environmental monitoring of microplastic and its additives worldwide. The high levels of pollutants revealed emphasize the need for further research into the magnitude and effects of MP and PAEs in these regions.},
keywords = {Eastern Mediterranean, Gulf of Aqaba, Microplastic, Phthalate plasticizers, Tunicates},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The interaction of microplastic (MP) with marine organisms is crucial for understanding the significant effect that MP and its additives may have on marine environments. However, knowledge regarding the magnitude of these pollutants in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Red Sea is still scarce. Here we examined the levels of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and MP in Herdmania momus and Microcosmus exasperatus sampled along the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel. High levels of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bis (2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were found in ascidians at the majority of sampling sites, and MP particles were found in ascidians at all sites. As efficient filter-feeders and being widely-distributed, invasive ascidians present fundamental opportunities for the environmental monitoring of microplastic and its additives worldwide. The high levels of pollutants revealed emphasize the need for further research into the magnitude and effects of MP and PAEs in these regions.
Bordós, Gábor; Urbányi, Béla; Micsinai, Adrienn; Kriszt, Balázs; Palotai, Zoltán; Szabó, István; Hantosi, Zsolt; Szoboszlay, Sándor
Identification of microplastics in fish ponds and natural freshwater environments of the Carpathian basin, Europe Journal Article
In: Chemosphere, (216), pp. 110-116, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Carpathian basin, Fish pond, Freshwater, Microplastic
@article{Bordós2019,
title = {Identification of microplastics in fish ponds and natural freshwater environments of the Carpathian basin, Europe},
author = {Gábor Bordós and Béla Urbányi and Adrienn Micsinai and Balázs Kriszt and Zoltán Palotai and István Szabó and Zsolt Hantosi and Sándor Szoboszlay},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653518319714 },
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {216},
pages = {110-116},
abstract = {In the past few years, there has been a significant development in freshwater microplastic research. Pollution has been detected in lakes and rivers of several continents, but the number of papers is still marginal compared to the ones investigating marine environments. In this study, we present the first detection of microplastics (MPs) in Central and Eastern European (CEE) surface waters and, globally, the first detection in fish ponds. Samples were taken from different types of fish ponds and natural water bodies along a novel concept down to a particle size of 100 μm, then, after sample preparation, MPs were characterized using an FTIR microscope. 92% of the water samples contained MPs ranging from 3.52 to 32.05 particles/m3. MPs were detected in 69% of the sediment samples ranging from 0.46 to 1.62 particles/kg. Dominant abundance of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene was shown in water and PP and polystyrene in sediment samples. First results also indicate that fish ponds may act as a deposition area for MPs.},
keywords = {Carpathian basin, Fish pond, Freshwater, Microplastic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the past few years, there has been a significant development in freshwater microplastic research. Pollution has been detected in lakes and rivers of several continents, but the number of papers is still marginal compared to the ones investigating marine environments. In this study, we present the first detection of microplastics (MPs) in Central and Eastern European (CEE) surface waters and, globally, the first detection in fish ponds. Samples were taken from different types of fish ponds and natural water bodies along a novel concept down to a particle size of 100 μm, then, after sample preparation, MPs were characterized using an FTIR microscope. 92% of the water samples contained MPs ranging from 3.52 to 32.05 particles/m3. MPs were detected in 69% of the sediment samples ranging from 0.46 to 1.62 particles/kg. Dominant abundance of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene was shown in water and PP and polystyrene in sediment samples. First results also indicate that fish ponds may act as a deposition area for MPs.
Gillibert, Raymond; Balakrishnan, Gireeshkumar; Deshoules, Quentin; Tardivel, Morgan; Magazzù, Alessandro; Donato, Maria Grazia; Maragò, Onofrio M.; de La Chapelle, Marc Lamy; Colas, Florent; Lagarde, Fabienne; Gucciardi, Pietro G.
Raman Tweezers for Small Microplastics and Nanoplastics Identification in Seawater Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Technology 53, 9003-9013, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Microplastic, Nanoplastic, Raman, Seawater
@article{Gillibert2019,
title = {Raman Tweezers for Small Microplastics and Nanoplastics Identification in Seawater},
author = {Raymond Gillibert and Gireeshkumar Balakrishnan and Quentin Deshoules and Morgan Tardivel and Alessandro Magazzù and Maria Grazia Donato and Onofrio M. Maragò and Marc Lamy de La Chapelle and Florent Colas and Fabienne Lagarde and Pietro G. Gucciardi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03105},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.9b03105},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
journal = {Environmental Science & Technology 53, 9003-9013},
abstract = {Our understanding of the fate and distribution of micro- and nano- plastics in the marine environment is limited by the intrinsic difficulties of the techniques currently used for the detection, quantification, and chemical identification of small particles in liquid (light scattering, vibrational spectroscopies, and optical and electron microscopies). Here we introduce Raman Tweezers (RTs), namely optical tweezers combined with Raman spectroscopy, as an analytical tool for the study of micro- and nanoplastics in seawater. We show optical trapping and chemical identification of sub-20 μm plastics, down to the 50 nm range. Analysis at the single particle level allows us to unambiguously discriminate plastics from organic matter and mineral sediments, overcoming the capacities of standard Raman spectroscopy in liquid, intrinsically limited to ensemble measurements. Being a microscopy technique, RTs also permits one to assess the size and shapes of particles (beads, fragments, and fibers), with spatial resolution only limited by diffraction. Applications are shown on both model particles and naturally aged environmental samples, made of common plastic pollutants, including polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, and polystyrene, also in the presence of a thin eco-corona. Coupled to suitable extraction and concentration protocols, RTs have the potential to strongly impact future research on micro and nanoplastics environmental pollution, and enable the understanding of the fragmentation processes on a multiscale level of aged polymers.},
keywords = {Microplastic, Nanoplastic, Raman, Seawater},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Our understanding of the fate and distribution of micro- and nano- plastics in the marine environment is limited by the intrinsic difficulties of the techniques currently used for the detection, quantification, and chemical identification of small particles in liquid (light scattering, vibrational spectroscopies, and optical and electron microscopies). Here we introduce Raman Tweezers (RTs), namely optical tweezers combined with Raman spectroscopy, as an analytical tool for the study of micro- and nanoplastics in seawater. We show optical trapping and chemical identification of sub-20 μm plastics, down to the 50 nm range. Analysis at the single particle level allows us to unambiguously discriminate plastics from organic matter and mineral sediments, overcoming the capacities of standard Raman spectroscopy in liquid, intrinsically limited to ensemble measurements. Being a microscopy technique, RTs also permits one to assess the size and shapes of particles (beads, fragments, and fibers), with spatial resolution only limited by diffraction. Applications are shown on both model particles and naturally aged environmental samples, made of common plastic pollutants, including polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, and polystyrene, also in the presence of a thin eco-corona. Coupled to suitable extraction and concentration protocols, RTs have the potential to strongly impact future research on micro and nanoplastics environmental pollution, and enable the understanding of the fragmentation processes on a multiscale level of aged polymers.
2018
Gündoğdu, Sedat
Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics Journal Article
In: Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A , 35 (5), pp. 1006-1014, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Contamination, Food security, Microplastic, Table salt, Turkey
@article{Gündoğdu2018,
title = {Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics},
author = {Sedat Gündoğdu},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2018.1447694},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-00-00},
journal = {Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A },
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {1006-1014},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a problem that affects all aquatic, atmospheric and terrestial environments in the world. In this study, we looked into whether MPs in seas and lakes reach consumers through table salt. For this purpose, we obtained 16 brands of table salts from the Turkish market and determined their MPs content with microscopic and Raman spectroscopic examination. According to our results, the MP particle content was 16–84 item/kg in sea salt, 8–102 item/kg in lake salt and 9–16 item/kg in rock salt. The most common plastic polymers were polyethylene (22.9%) and polypropylene (19.2%). When the amounts of MPs and the amount of salt consumed by Turkish consumers per year are considered together, if they consume sea salt, lake salt or rock salt, they consume 249–302, 203–247 or 64–78 items per year, respectively. This is the first time this concerning level of MPs content in table salts in the Turkish market has been reported.},
keywords = {Contamination, Food security, Microplastic, Table salt, Turkey},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a problem that affects all aquatic, atmospheric and terrestial environments in the world. In this study, we looked into whether MPs in seas and lakes reach consumers through table salt. For this purpose, we obtained 16 brands of table salts from the Turkish market and determined their MPs content with microscopic and Raman spectroscopic examination. According to our results, the MP particle content was 16–84 item/kg in sea salt, 8–102 item/kg in lake salt and 9–16 item/kg in rock salt. The most common plastic polymers were polyethylene (22.9%) and polypropylene (19.2%). When the amounts of MPs and the amount of salt consumed by Turkish consumers per year are considered together, if they consume sea salt, lake salt or rock salt, they consume 249–302, 203–247 or 64–78 items per year, respectively. This is the first time this concerning level of MPs content in table salts in the Turkish market has been reported.
Gündoğdu, Sedat; Çevik, Cem; Ayat, Berna; Aydoğan, Burak; Karaca, Serkan
How microplastics quantities increase with flood events? An example from Mersin Bay NE Levantine coast of Turkey Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, 239 , pp. 342-350, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: ATR FT-IR, Levantine Sea, Marine litter, Mersin Bay, Microplastic, Rain flood
@article{Gündoğdu2018b,
title = {How microplastics quantities increase with flood events? An example from Mersin Bay NE Levantine coast of Turkey},
author = {Sedat Gündoğdu and Cem Çevik and Berna Ayat and Burak Aydoğan and Serkan Karaca},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749118300939},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-00-00},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
volume = {239},
pages = {342-350},
abstract = {Floods caused by heavy rain carry significant amounts of pollutants into marine environments. This study evaluates the effect of multiple floods that occurred in the northeastern Mediterranean region in Turkey between December 2016 and January 2017 on the microplastic pollution in the Mersin Bay. Sampling was repeated in four different stations both before and after the flood period, and it was determined that in the four stations, there was an average of 539,189 MPs/km2 before the flood, and 7,699,716 MPs/km² afterwards, representing a 14-fold increase. Fourteen different polymer types were detected in an ATR FT-IR analysis, eight of which were not found in samples collected before the floods. The most common polymer type was identified as polyethylene both pre- and post-flood. The mean particle size, which was 2.37 mm in the pre-flood period, decreased to 1.13 mm in the post-flood period. A hydrodynamic modeling study was implemented to hindcast the current structure and the spatial and temporal distributions of microplastics within the study area. In conclusion, heavy rain and severe floods can dramatically increase the microplastic levels in the sea.},
keywords = {ATR FT-IR, Levantine Sea, Marine litter, Mersin Bay, Microplastic, Rain flood},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Floods caused by heavy rain carry significant amounts of pollutants into marine environments. This study evaluates the effect of multiple floods that occurred in the northeastern Mediterranean region in Turkey between December 2016 and January 2017 on the microplastic pollution in the Mersin Bay. Sampling was repeated in four different stations both before and after the flood period, and it was determined that in the four stations, there was an average of 539,189 MPs/km2 before the flood, and 7,699,716 MPs/km² afterwards, representing a 14-fold increase. Fourteen different polymer types were detected in an ATR FT-IR analysis, eight of which were not found in samples collected before the floods. The most common polymer type was identified as polyethylene both pre- and post-flood. The mean particle size, which was 2.37 mm in the pre-flood period, decreased to 1.13 mm in the post-flood period. A hydrodynamic modeling study was implemented to hindcast the current structure and the spatial and temporal distributions of microplastics within the study area. In conclusion, heavy rain and severe floods can dramatically increase the microplastic levels in the sea.
Lahens, Lisa; Strady, Emilie; Thuy-ChungKieu-Le,; Dris, Rachid; Boukermae, Kada; Rinnert, Emmanuel; Gasperi, Johnny; Tassin, Bruno
Macroplastic and microplastic contamination assessment of a tropical river (Saigon River, Vietnam) transversed by a developing megacity Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, 236 , pp. 661–671, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anthropogenic fibers, Contamination, Macroplastic, Microplastic, Urban river
@article{Lahens2018,
title = {Macroplastic and microplastic contamination assessment of a tropical river (Saigon River, Vietnam) transversed by a developing megacity},
author = {Lisa Lahens and Emilie Strady and Thuy-ChungKieu-Le and Rachid Dris and Kada Boukermae and Emmanuel Rinnert and Johnny Gasperi and Bruno Tassin},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117330579},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-00-00},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
volume = {236},
pages = {661–671},
abstract = {Both macroplastic and microplastic contamination levels were assessed for the first time in a tropical river estuary system, i.e. the Saigon River, that traverses a developing South East Asian megacity, i.e. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The analysis of floating debris collected daily on the Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe canal by the municipal waste management service shows that the plastic mass percentage represents 11–43%, and the land-based plastic debris entering the river was estimated from 0.96 to 19.91 g inhabitant−1 d−1, namely 350 to 7270 g inhabitant−1 yr−1. Microplastics were assessed in the Saigon River and in four urban canals by sampling bulk water for anthropogenic fiber analysis and 300 μm mesh size plankton net exposition for fragment analysis. Fibers and fragments are highly concentrated in this system, respectively 172,000 to 519,000 items m−3 and 10 to 223 items m−3. They were found in various colors and shapes with smallest size and surface classes being predominant. The macroplastics and fragments were mainly made of polyethylene and polypropylene while the anthropogenic fibers were mainly made of polyester. The relation between macroplastic and microplastic concentrations, waste management, population density and water treatment are further discussed.},
keywords = {Anthropogenic fibers, Contamination, Macroplastic, Microplastic, Urban river},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Both macroplastic and microplastic contamination levels were assessed for the first time in a tropical river estuary system, i.e. the Saigon River, that traverses a developing South East Asian megacity, i.e. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The analysis of floating debris collected daily on the Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe canal by the municipal waste management service shows that the plastic mass percentage represents 11–43%, and the land-based plastic debris entering the river was estimated from 0.96 to 19.91 g inhabitant−1 d−1, namely 350 to 7270 g inhabitant−1 yr−1. Microplastics were assessed in the Saigon River and in four urban canals by sampling bulk water for anthropogenic fiber analysis and 300 μm mesh size plankton net exposition for fragment analysis. Fibers and fragments are highly concentrated in this system, respectively 172,000 to 519,000 items m−3 and 10 to 223 items m−3. They were found in various colors and shapes with smallest size and surface classes being predominant. The macroplastics and fragments were mainly made of polyethylene and polypropylene while the anthropogenic fibers were mainly made of polyester. The relation between macroplastic and microplastic concentrations, waste management, population density and water treatment are further discussed.
Bordos, Gabór; Kriszt, Balazs; Palotai, Zoltan; Szoboszlay, Sandor
Development of a jet pump based sampling system for freshwaters Journal Article
In: MICRO 2018. Fate and Impact of Microplastics: Knowledge, Actions and Solutions., 2018, ISBN: 978-84-09-06477-9.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Freshwater, Jet pump, Microplastic, Sampling
@article{Bordos2018,
title = {Development of a jet pump based sampling system for freshwaters},
author = {Gabór Bordos and Balazs Kriszt and Zoltan Palotai and Sandor Szoboszlay},
url = {https://micro2018.sciencesconf.org/resource/page/id/8},
isbn = {978-84-09-06477-9},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-00-00},
journal = {MICRO 2018. Fate and Impact of Microplastics: Knowledge, Actions and Solutions.},
abstract = {Freshwater studies have mainly been adopting sampling methods from marine research, thus the most commonly used tool is the plankton or manta net, usually with a mesh size of 300 µm or 333 µm. There are certain conditions when application of these sampling systems is com- plicated onsmaller freshwater bodies. Also, the filtered water volume is not obviously defined (due to clogging) even if a flow meter is used. To avoid these difficulties, another sampling approach is needed. Thetechnique using a pump and a set of filters is more common during wastewater sampling than inlakes or rivers. Until now, only a few studies have presented sampling systems that were based on asubmersible or a jet pump, including stainless steel filters. We developed a mobile sampling system that has many benefits when it is applied in inland freshwaters. The size of the complete apparatus enables sampling from a smaller boat or from the shore as well. A jet pump is operated by an aggregator. A PVC hose with a brass foot valve including a 2 mm mesh size strainer is put right under the water surface and is connected to thepump. Water is filtered through a set of 10” stainless steel filter cartridges (variable mesh size) instainless steel housing. Water quantity is measured by a flowmeter precisely. To prevent clogging of the fine mesh size filter (60 im), we coupled two cartridges and put in a 300 im pre-filter. This system enables sampling of more than 2.000 L water even if the Secchi depth is no more than 10 cm (e.g. due to flood or plankton). Project no. KFI 16-1-2017-0477 has been implemented with the support provided by the Na- tional Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary, financed under the ”Vallalati KFI 16” funding scheme.},
keywords = {Freshwater, Jet pump, Microplastic, Sampling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Freshwater studies have mainly been adopting sampling methods from marine research, thus the most commonly used tool is the plankton or manta net, usually with a mesh size of 300 µm or 333 µm. There are certain conditions when application of these sampling systems is com- plicated onsmaller freshwater bodies. Also, the filtered water volume is not obviously defined (due to clogging) even if a flow meter is used. To avoid these difficulties, another sampling approach is needed. Thetechnique using a pump and a set of filters is more common during wastewater sampling than inlakes or rivers. Until now, only a few studies have presented sampling systems that were based on asubmersible or a jet pump, including stainless steel filters. We developed a mobile sampling system that has many benefits when it is applied in inland freshwaters. The size of the complete apparatus enables sampling from a smaller boat or from the shore as well. A jet pump is operated by an aggregator. A PVC hose with a brass foot valve including a 2 mm mesh size strainer is put right under the water surface and is connected to thepump. Water is filtered through a set of 10” stainless steel filter cartridges (variable mesh size) instainless steel housing. Water quantity is measured by a flowmeter precisely. To prevent clogging of the fine mesh size filter (60 im), we coupled two cartridges and put in a 300 im pre-filter. This system enables sampling of more than 2.000 L water even if the Secchi depth is no more than 10 cm (e.g. due to flood or plankton). Project no. KFI 16-1-2017-0477 has been implemented with the support provided by the Na- tional Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary, financed under the ”Vallalati KFI 16” funding scheme.
2017
Gündoğdu, Sedat; Çevik, Cem
Micro-and mesoplastics in Northeast Levantine coast of Turkey: the preliminary results from surface samples Journal Article
In: Marine Pollution Bulletin, 118 (1-2), pp. 341-347, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Iskenderun Bay, Levantine Sea, Marine litter, Mersin Bay, Mesoplastic, Microplastic
@article{Gündoğdu2017,
title = {Micro-and mesoplastics in Northeast Levantine coast of Turkey: the preliminary results from surface samples},
author = {Sedat Gündoğdu and Cem Çevik},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17302084},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-00-00},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
volume = {118},
number = {1-2},
pages = {341-347},
abstract = {The determination of the microplastic distribution will be beneficial as a measure of the potential effects on the environment. The Mediterranean Sea had a high risk of pollution as it was enclosed by highly populated and industrialized countries. Here, we determined the level of micro- and mesoplastic pollution in Iskenderun and Mersin Bays, located in the Northeastern Levantine coast of Turkey. The average level of both micro- and mesoplastic was determined to be 0.376 item/m2 at seven stations. The highest level was determined in Mersin Bay at the mouth of the Seyhan river (Station no. 7, with 906 items), and the lowest level was found in Station no. 4 in Iskenderun Bay (78 items). As a result of this study, it was determined that the microplastic pollution level in the Mediterranean coast of Turkey was similar to the other regions of the Mediterranean Sea.},
keywords = {Iskenderun Bay, Levantine Sea, Marine litter, Mersin Bay, Mesoplastic, Microplastic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The determination of the microplastic distribution will be beneficial as a measure of the potential effects on the environment. The Mediterranean Sea had a high risk of pollution as it was enclosed by highly populated and industrialized countries. Here, we determined the level of micro- and mesoplastic pollution in Iskenderun and Mersin Bays, located in the Northeastern Levantine coast of Turkey. The average level of both micro- and mesoplastic was determined to be 0.376 item/m2 at seven stations. The highest level was determined in Mersin Bay at the mouth of the Seyhan river (Station no. 7, with 906 items), and the lowest level was found in Station no. 4 in Iskenderun Bay (78 items). As a result of this study, it was determined that the microplastic pollution level in the Mediterranean coast of Turkey was similar to the other regions of the Mediterranean Sea.
Gündoğdu, Sedat
High level of micro-plastic pollution in the Iskenderun Bay NE Levantine coast of Turkey Journal Article
In: Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34 (4), pp. 401 – 408, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Iskenderun Bay, Levantine Sea, Marine litter, Microplastic
@article{Gündoğdu2017c,
title = {High level of micro-plastic pollution in the Iskenderun Bay NE Levantine coast of Turkey},
author = {Sedat Gündoğdu},
url = {http://www.egejfas.org/issue/29803/329228},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-00-00},
journal = {Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {401 – 408},
abstract = {Microplastic pollution is a global problem. The Mediterranean Sea, especially, has high pressure of pollution as it is enclosed by highly populated and industrialized countries. In this study, we have determined the level of microplastic pollution in the Iskenderun Bay, located in the Northeastern Levantine coast of Turkey. The average level of microplastic has been determined to be 1,067,120 particles/km² at fourteen stations. The highest level has been determined at the M4 station in the middle of the bay (with 1820 items; 2,888,889 particles/km²), and the lowest level has been found at the M11 station (62 items; 98,412 particles/km²). As a result of this study, it was determined that the microplastic pollution level in the Iskenderun Bay is higher than the other regions of the Mediterranean Sea.},
keywords = {Iskenderun Bay, Levantine Sea, Marine litter, Microplastic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Microplastic pollution is a global problem. The Mediterranean Sea, especially, has high pressure of pollution as it is enclosed by highly populated and industrialized countries. In this study, we have determined the level of microplastic pollution in the Iskenderun Bay, located in the Northeastern Levantine coast of Turkey. The average level of microplastic has been determined to be 1,067,120 particles/km² at fourteen stations. The highest level has been determined at the M4 station in the middle of the bay (with 1820 items; 2,888,889 particles/km²), and the lowest level has been found at the M11 station (62 items; 98,412 particles/km²). As a result of this study, it was determined that the microplastic pollution level in the Iskenderun Bay is higher than the other regions of the Mediterranean Sea.
2016
Aytan, Ulgen; Valente, Andre; Senturk, Yasemen; Usta, Riza; Sahin, Fatma Basak Esensoy; Mazlum, Rahsan Evren; Agirbas, Ertugrul
First evaluation of neustonic microplastics in Black Sea waters Journal Article
In: Marine Environmental Research, (119), pp. 22-30, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Bioavailability, Black Sea, Microplastic, MSFD, Neuston, Zooplankton
@article{Aytan2016,
title = {First evaluation of neustonic microplastics in Black Sea waters},
author = {Ulgen Aytan and Andre Valente and Yasemen Senturk and Riza Usta and Fatma Basak Esensoy Sahin and Rahsan Evren Mazlum and Ertugrul Agirbas},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.009},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.009},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-00-00},
journal = {Marine Environmental Research},
number = {119},
pages = {22-30},
abstract = {The Black Sea has a high risk of plastic pollution given the high river discharge of several industrialized countries into this semi-enclosed sea. Here, for the first time, the occurrence and distribution of microplastics are reported for the Black Sea. Microplastics were assessed from zooplankton samples taken during two cruises along the south eastern coast of the Black Sea in the November of 2014 and February of 2015. In each cruise neuston samples were collected at 12 stations using a WP2 net with 200 μm mesh. Microplastics (0.2–5 mm) were found in 92% of the samples. The primary shapes were fibres (49.4%) followed by plastic films (30.6%) and fragments (20%), and no micro beads were found. Average microplastic concentration in November (1.2 ± 1.1 × 103 par. m−3) was higher than in February (0.6 ± 0.55 × 103 par. m−3). Reduced concentrations in February were possibly caused by increased mixing. The highest concentrations of microplastics were observed in offshore stations during November sampling. The heterogeneous spatial distribution (0.2 × 103–3.3 × 103 par. m−3 for all samples) and accumulation in some stations could be associated to transport and retention mechanisms linked with wind and the dynamics of the rim current, as well by different sources of plastic. There were no statistically significant differences in MP concentration between sampling stations and sampling periods (t-test, p < 0.05).The relatively high microplastic concentrations suggest that Black Sea is a hotspot for microplastic pollution and there is an urgency to understand their origins, transportation and effects on marine life.},
keywords = {Bioavailability, Black Sea, Microplastic, MSFD, Neuston, Zooplankton},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Black Sea has a high risk of plastic pollution given the high river discharge of several industrialized countries into this semi-enclosed sea. Here, for the first time, the occurrence and distribution of microplastics are reported for the Black Sea. Microplastics were assessed from zooplankton samples taken during two cruises along the south eastern coast of the Black Sea in the November of 2014 and February of 2015. In each cruise neuston samples were collected at 12 stations using a WP2 net with 200 μm mesh. Microplastics (0.2–5 mm) were found in 92% of the samples. The primary shapes were fibres (49.4%) followed by plastic films (30.6%) and fragments (20%), and no micro beads were found. Average microplastic concentration in November (1.2 ± 1.1 × 103 par. m−3) was higher than in February (0.6 ± 0.55 × 103 par. m−3). Reduced concentrations in February were possibly caused by increased mixing. The highest concentrations of microplastics were observed in offshore stations during November sampling. The heterogeneous spatial distribution (0.2 × 103–3.3 × 103 par. m−3 for all samples) and accumulation in some stations could be associated to transport and retention mechanisms linked with wind and the dynamics of the rim current, as well by different sources of plastic. There were no statistically significant differences in MP concentration between sampling stations and sampling periods (t-test, p < 0.05).The relatively high microplastic concentrations suggest that Black Sea is a hotspot for microplastic pollution and there is an urgency to understand their origins, transportation and effects on marine life.
